How Social Media is Fueling Hindu-Muslim Clashes in India.

From viral misinformation to algorithm-driven outrage, digital platforms are accelerating communal tensions across the country.

In recent years, India has witnessed a disturbing rise in communal violence, with social media platforms often serving as the catalyst. Incidents like the 2023 Satara riots and the 2020 Bangalore unrest underscore how a single provocative post can ignite widespread conflict. These platforms, designed to connect people, are increasingly being exploited to deepen divisions between Hindu and Muslim communities.

The algorithms that govern content visibility on platforms like Facebook and X (formerly Twitter) are designed to maximize user engagement. Unfortunately, this often means that sensational and polarizing content is prioritized, creating echo chambers that reinforce existing biases. Studies have shown that such environments can accelerate radicalization, as users are continually exposed to one-sided narratives that vilify the ‘other’.

Law enforcement agencies are increasingly recognizing the threat posed by digital misinformation. In Mangaluru, for instance, six individuals were arrested for sharing inflammatory content aimed at disrupting communal harmony. Similarly, the Uttar Pradesh Police have implemented real-time social media monitoring to preempt potential flashpoints during sensitive periods like religious festivals. These measures, while necessary, highlight the reactive nature of current strategies in addressing digital provocations

The psychological impact of online hate speech is profound. Continuous exposure to derogatory content can desensitize individuals, making extremist views seem acceptable. This normalization of hate not only erodes societal cohesion but also emboldens individuals to act on their prejudices, leading to real-world violence. The tragic death of a techie in Pune, following the circulation of morphed images on Facebook, serves as a grim reminder of the tangible consequences of digital hate.

Addressing this multifaceted issue requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders. Social media companies must enhance their content moderation policies, especially in regional languages, to effectively curb the spread of hate speech. Educational initiatives aimed at promoting digital literacy can empower users to critically assess the content they consume and share. Moreover, political leaders and influencers bear the responsibility of fostering narratives that promote unity rather than division.